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Abrahamic religions (also Semitic religions) are monotheistic religions of West Asian〔Spirituality and Psychiatry - Page 236, Chris Cook, Andrew Powell, A. C. P. Sims - 2009〕 origin, emphasizing and tracing their common origin to Abraham or recognizing a spiritual tradition identified with him. They comprise one of the major divisions in comparative religion, along with Indian〔(C.J. ''Classification of religions: Geographical''. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007 ). Accessed: 15 May 2013〕 and East Asian religions.〔 Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the largest Abrahamic religions. The largest Abrahamic religions in chronological order of founding are Judaism (1st millennium BC), Christianity (1st century AD) and Islam (7th century AD).〔 * (【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Lubar Institute for Religious Studies at U of Wisconsin ) * * 〕 Abrahamic religions with fewer adherents include Rastafarianism,〔 Samaritanism, Druzism (sometimes classified as a branch of Shia Islam),〔(【引用サイトリンク】archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314232656/http://www.eurospanbookstore.com/display.asp?K=9780815630975&ds=Islam&sf1=bic2_subj_code&st1=HRH *&sort=sort_date/d&m=79&dc=232 )〕 Mandaeism,〔Mandeans claim Abraham was of their people (see (The Mandeans of Iraq and Iran ), pp. 265–269). On the other hand, though they have many affinities, they consider that, "the Jewish God was an evil spirit, the law was given by the evil ''ruha'' and the seven planets, and the Hebrew Bible was read with a particularly critical eye" (see (Neusner on Judaism: History ), Jacob Neusner, pp. 536–537)〕 Bábism and the Bahá'í Faith. , it was estimated that 54% (3.8 billion people) of the world's population considered themselves adherents of an Abrahamic religion, about 30% adherents of other religions, and 16% adherents of no organized religion. Christianity is the largest, with 32% of the world's population, Islam is second with 28%, and Judaism has only 0.2%. == Etymology == It has been suggested that the phrase, "Abrahamic religion", may simply mean that all these religions come from one spiritual source.〔 Christians refer to Abraham as a "father in faith". There is an Islamic religious term, ''Millat Ibrahim'' (faith of Ibrahim),〔〔 indicating that Islam sees itself as having practices tied to the traditions of Abraham.〔The Quran, albaqarah; v. 135〕 Jewish tradition claims descent from Abraham, and adherents follow his practices and ideals as the first of the three spiritual "fathers" or biblical Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. All the major Abrahamic religions claim a direct lineage to Abraham: * Abraham is recorded in the Torah as the ancestor of the Israelites through his son Isaac, born to Sarah through a promise made in Genesis.〔Scherman, pp. 34–35.〕 * The sacred text of Christianity is the Christian Bible, the first part of which, the Old Testament, is derived from the Jewish Bible, leading to similar ancestry claims as above, though most Christians are gentiles who consider themselves as grafted into the family tree under the New Covenant, see significance of Abraham for Christians for details. * It is the Islamic tradition that Muhammad, as an Arab, is descended from Abraham's son Ishmael. Jewish tradition also equates the descendants of Ishmael, Ishmaelites, with Arabs, as the descendants of Isaac by Jacob, who was also later known as Israel, are the Israelites.〔Saheeh al-Bukharee, Book 55, hadith no. 584; Book 56, hadith no. 710〕 * The Báb, regarded by Bahá'í's as a predecessor to Bahá'u'lláh, was a Sayyid, or a direct descendant of Muhammad and thus traces his ancestry to Abraham's son Ishmael. Tradition also holds that Bahá'u'lláh is a descendant of Abraham through his third wife, Keturah. Other terms sometimes used include Abrahamic faiths, Abrahamic traditions, religions of Abraham, Abrahamic monotheistic religions, Semitic religions, Semitic monotheistic religions, and Semitic one god religions.〔David Kay, ''The Semitic Religions—Hebrew, Jewish, Christian & Moslem'', Reqd books, 2008〕 Adam Dodds argues that the term "Abrahamic faiths", while helpful, can be considered misleading, as it conveys an unspecified historical and theological commonality that is problematic on closer examination. While there is commonality among the religions, in large measure their shared ancestry is peripheral to their respective foundational beliefs and thus conceals crucial differences.〔 For example, the common Christian beliefs of Incarnation, Trinity and Jesus' Resurrection are not accepted by Judaism or Islam (see for example Islamic view of Jesus' death). There are key beliefs in both Islam and Judaism that are not shared by most of Christianity (such as strict monotheism and adherence to Divine Law), and key beliefs of Islam, Christianity, and the Bahá'í Faith not shared by Judaism (such as the prophetic and Messianic position of Jesus, respectively).〔Greenstreet, p. 95.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abrahamic religions」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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